The Legacy of Oriental Carpet Manufacturers: A Journey Through History and Craftsmanship

Oriental carpets, renowned for their intricate designs and unparalleled craftsmanship, have captivated the world for centuries. Among the notable contributors to this timeless art form was the Oriental Carpet Manufacturers (OCM), a London-based company with a rich history dating back to the early 20th century.

Origins and Expansion

Founded in 1907-1908 in Istanbul by a group of British merchants, OCM quickly established itself as a key player in the Oriental carpet trade. The company initially set up its own manufacturing facilities in the central Anatolian region, particularly around Konya, leveraging the region's rich tradition of carpet weaving that dated back to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 13th century.

Under the leadership of Arthur Cecil Edwards from 1924 onwards, OCM expanded its operations further into Iran, specifically in the Hamadan Province. Edwards, who later became the managing director, played a pivotal role in revitalizing traditional Persian carpet weaving in Hamadan, where the craft had dwindled. Starting with a modest setup of eight looms, Edwards oversaw a remarkable growth to over 1,000 looms by the time of his retirement in 1948.

Technical Expertise and Innovation

A.C. Edwards was not only a visionary leader but also a technical expert. In his renowned textbook on Persian carpets, he meticulously documented OCM's technical standards and quality criteria. This included the choice of knot types (symmetrical versus asymmetrical), yarn density, yarn twisting, and dyeing techniques. OCM's carpets were distinguished by their symmetrical knots, which provided a thicker pile and durability characteristic of the region's traditional craftsmanship.

To ensure the highest quality, Edwards procured high-quality wool from Kurdish nomads in the Kermanshah Province and supervised the dyeing process, initially experimenting with synthetic dyes before reverting to traditional Persian natural dyes for superior color vibrancy.

Commercial Expansion and Challenges

During Edwards' tenure, OCM not only consolidated its position in European markets but also expanded its reach to the United States, catering to the increasing demand for Oriental carpets among affluent Western consumers. However, the company faced challenges in the mid-20th century from competitors producing lower-cost, machine-made rugs, which eroded market share and profitability.

In response, OCM diversified its production to include lower-cost options by establishing factories in India, where labor costs were lower. Despite these efforts, by the 1980s, OCM was struggling financially and eventually merged with the Eastern Kayyam Company, one of its former affiliates.

Artistry and Cultural Legacy

Beyond commercial success, OCM contributed significantly to the preservation and evolution of traditional carpet designs. Edwards' decision to blend classical Safavid period Persian designs with modifications tailored to American tastes, branded under the name "Alvānd," exemplified OCM's adaptability and innovation in a competitive global market.

Today, OCM's legacy lives on in the appreciation and collection of Oriental carpets worldwide. The craftsmanship and technical standards set by Arthur Cecil Edwards continue to influence contemporary carpet weaving practices, ensuring that the artistry and cultural significance of Oriental carpets endure for generations to come.

In conclusion, the Oriental Carpet Manufacturers stands as a testament to the intersection of art, commerce, and cultural preservation, weaving together a narrative of innovation and tradition in the world of Oriental carpets.